Thomas Jefferson - Patriot
Thomas Jefferson was a lawyer during the American Revolution. Born and raised in Virginia, Jefferson was a member of the Second Continental Congress and the second governor of Virginia. He wrote the Declaration of Independence, which explained why the 13 American colonies were breaking away from England and starting their own country. Jefferson believed that the people had the right to govern themselves and choose their own leaders. After the revolution Jefferson became the third President of the United States.
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
Benjamin Franklin - Patriot
Benjamin Franklin helped organize the Committee of Correspondence, which helped patriot leaders throughout the colonies keep in touch with one another by writing letters. He also helped organize the Continental Congress which united the colonists in their revolution against British rule. Franklin traveled to England to protest English laws and taxes and to speak for the colonists. He believed they deserved to have a voice and representation. He later helped lay the groundwork for the peace treaty with England.
Benjamin Franklin was an author, inventor, and scientist. His great wisdom, wit, and talent made him one of America's most gifted citizens
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
Nancy Ward
Nanye'hi saw her husband die in a battle with Creek Indians. She took up her husband's bow and arrow and led her Cherokee tribe to victory. Nancy Ward, as Americans called her, was named "Beloved Woman" by the tribe, and made the head of the Women's Council and a member of the Council of Chiefs.With the Revolutionary War in progress, the British paid Indians to attack settlers. Deborah's tribe joined in. But, Deborah had made friends with the settlers. She warned them of the attack. The victorious settlers spared her tribe when they retaliated. Later in the war, Deborah had to once again warn settlers of impending attack. She also served as a mediator, becoming a main voice in the Treaty of Hopewell in 1785 between the Cherokee and settlers.
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/
Nathan Hale - Patriot
Nathan Hale was a young captain in the Continental Army. He volunteered to go on a spy mission and was captured by the British and hanged without a trial. His last words, "I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country," showed his fearless determination to live in freedom.
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
Salem Poor
Salem Poor, an African American soldier, earned his place in history. during "the Battle of Charleston"-known today as the Battle of Bunker Hill. In this battle, African Americans suffered more than 1,000 casualties. At the Battle of Bunker Hill, Salem Poor performed so well that fourteen officers sent a petition to the Massachusetts legislature declaring that he behaved like an experienced officer, as well as an excellent soldier and added that "a reward was due to so great and distinguished a character."
http://www.fold3.com/page/747_african_american_patriots_of_the/
http://www.fold3.com/page/747_african_american_patriots_of_the/
Sybil Ludington - Patriot
Sybil Ludington is known as the female Paul Revere. Sybil's ride was twice as far as Paul's. Sybil's ride became necessary because the British had ransacked Danbury, Connecticut. Danbury was a Patriot supply center. They were then headed for Fredricksburg, New York. A young soldier arrived at Sybil's father's house. Colonel Ludington was in charge of the local volunteers. Needing someone to go at once to gather the troops, Sybil jumped at the chance. She rode to the many villages, informing everyone what was happening. Thanks to her bravery, the Patriots were able to force the British back to Long Island Sound. From there, they sailed away.
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/ludington.html
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/ludington.html
Crispus Attucks - Patriot
Attucks is considered as the first martyr of the American Revolution. In March, 1770, a fight broke out between the British soldiers and a crowd of American colonists led by an African American, Crispus Attucks. In the attack, a British soldier was struck on the head with a stick, which many believe was Attucks handiwork, as he was seen with a stick in his hand. The struck soldier fired his musket at Crispus Attucks and the crowd surrounding him, killing five people instantaneously. Attucks was buried as a hero in the Granary Burying Ground. He is one the few martyrs of that Boston Massacre who is still remembered for his bravery.
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/african-americans-in-the-american-revolution.html
http://www.buzzle.com/articles/african-americans-in-the-american-revolution.html
Deborah Sampson - Patriot
Robert Shirtliffe enlisted in the 4th Massachusetts Regiment in 1778. Except, his name wasn't Robert and he wasn't a man. Her name was Deborah Sampson and, disguised as a man, she enlisted in the Revolutionary Army using her brother's name. Deborah fought for her country for years. She was wounded in battle, although sources differ as to where. Some say her shoulder; others her thigh. Coming down with a fever did her in - not in the mortal sense, but in her disguise. A kindly doctor treating her discovered her secret. He helped her keep her secret until the war ended, taking her to his house to recover in private. At the end of the war, Deborah was given an honorable discharge.
As sources differ about Deborah's wound, they also differ on her name. Some render her last name Samson.
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/samson.html
.
As sources differ about Deborah's wound, they also differ on her name. Some render her last name Samson.
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/samson.html
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Saul Matthews
Saul Matthews—Matthews was enslaved when he enlisted as a soldier under Colonel
Josiah Parker, a commander in the Virginia militia. In 1781, British general Lord
Cornwallis and his troops occupied Portsmouth, Virginia. Parker sent Saul into British
camps several times on spying missions. Saul faced great danger but always returned
with important information about British troop positions and movements. Saul was
praised by leaders such as General Nathanael Greene and Baron Friedrich von Steuben. Yet, after the war, he was returned to slavery for nearly ten years. In 1792, he successfully petitioned the Virginia General Assembly for his freedom.
http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume5/images/reference_sheet.pdf
Josiah Parker, a commander in the Virginia militia. In 1781, British general Lord
Cornwallis and his troops occupied Portsmouth, Virginia. Parker sent Saul into British
camps several times on spying missions. Saul faced great danger but always returned
with important information about British troop positions and movements. Saul was
praised by leaders such as General Nathanael Greene and Baron Friedrich von Steuben. Yet, after the war, he was returned to slavery for nearly ten years. In 1792, he successfully petitioned the Virginia General Assembly for his freedom.
http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume5/images/reference_sheet.pdf
Sam Adams - Patriot
Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry were two of the first people to argue for independence. Sam wrote letters about independence and sent them to newspapers and leaders around the country. Sam signed all the letters with different names so that the people who read the papers would think all of Boston wanted independence from England. Sam convinced many young men that independence would be good for America.
When the Stamp Act of 1765 ordered the colonists to buy stamps from England, Samuel started a protest. He told the mob what to do. In 1766, the Stamp Act stopped. Samuel said this after the Stamp Act: "If our trade be taxed, why not our lands, or produce. . . in short, everything we possess? They tax us without having legal representation." Another thing that started the Revolution was the Boston Tea Party that Samuel also helped plan.
http://www.mrnussbaum.com/amrevolution/samuel%20adams.htm
When the Stamp Act of 1765 ordered the colonists to buy stamps from England, Samuel started a protest. He told the mob what to do. In 1766, the Stamp Act stopped. Samuel said this after the Stamp Act: "If our trade be taxed, why not our lands, or produce. . . in short, everything we possess? They tax us without having legal representation." Another thing that started the Revolution was the Boston Tea Party that Samuel also helped plan.
http://www.mrnussbaum.com/amrevolution/samuel%20adams.htm
Penelope Barker - Patriot or Loyalist
Months before any active independence movement, Penelope Barker led the Edenton Tea Party. Unlike the better known Boston Tea Party, Penelope and more than 50 women did not dress up in costumes to show the British how they felt. Penelope wrote up a declaration against the use of tea, and clothes made from British cloth. All the women at the meeting signed. The British, naturally, laughed at women protesting. Women's opinions at the time were not considered important. The British took notice as more women joined the boycott of British goods. But, without firing a shot, these women let Britain know where the power lies -in the hands of those who rock the cradle. Women joined their men in showing the British that they, too, would not stand for taxation without representation.
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/
http://score.rims.k12.ca.us/score_lessons/women_american_revolution/
King George III - Loyalist
King George III was the King of England during the American Revolution. England was the world's greatest colonial power. King George was determined to keep his colonies in America and refused to even read apetition sent by the colonists asking for a peaceful separation. He felt the colonists owed him payment for protecting them during the French and Indian War. This payment was in the form of taxes the colonists paid to England. The Patriots declared their independence in 1776, but King George would not give up until the final American victory at Yorktown in 1781.
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
Joseph Brant - Loyalist
Mohawk chief Joseph Brant's Iroquois name was Thayendanega. He sided with the British against the colonists because he wanted to stop the settlers from taking Iroquois land. He said the Iroquois would lose even more of their lands if the American colonies became independent. Brant became a captain in the British Army and fought against the colonists during the Revolutionary War.
Joseph Brant was Moly Brant's younger brother.
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
Joseph Brant was Moly Brant's younger brother.
http://www.studyzone.org/testprep/ss5/b/revleadl.cfm#Loyalists
Molly Brant
Brant supported the British Crown during the Revolutionary War. From her home in Canajoharie, she provided food and assistance to loyalists who were fleeing from New York to Canada. Despite harassment from local patriots, she remained at Canajoharie for the first two years of the war.
A turning point came in 1777 when British forces invaded New York from Canada and laid siege to Patriots in Fort Stanwix. In August, when Brant learned that a large body of patriot militia was on its way to relieve the fort, she sent Mohawk runners to alert the British commander of the danger. This information enabled a British, Mohawk, and Seneca force to ambush the Patriots and their Oneida allies in the Battle of Oriskany. After this battle, in which Iroquois warriors fought on both sides, the war in the Mohawk Valley became particularly brutal. The Oneida and Americans retaliated against Brant by pillaging Canajoharie. Brant fled with her children to Onandaga, the Iroquois capital. Her departure was so precipitate that she had to leave most of her belongings behind.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Brant#American_Revolution
A turning point came in 1777 when British forces invaded New York from Canada and laid siege to Patriots in Fort Stanwix. In August, when Brant learned that a large body of patriot militia was on its way to relieve the fort, she sent Mohawk runners to alert the British commander of the danger. This information enabled a British, Mohawk, and Seneca force to ambush the Patriots and their Oneida allies in the Battle of Oriskany. After this battle, in which Iroquois warriors fought on both sides, the war in the Mohawk Valley became particularly brutal. The Oneida and Americans retaliated against Brant by pillaging Canajoharie. Brant fled with her children to Onandaga, the Iroquois capital. Her departure was so precipitate that she had to leave most of her belongings behind.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molly_Brant#American_Revolution
Benedict Arnold - Loyalist
Benedict Arnold was an American general. At the beginning of the Revolution, Benedict Arnold was one of the bravest. Benedict Arnold tricked the British into thinking that thousands and thousands of American forces were heading to Fort Schuyler. There were really less than a thousand were going to the fort. The Americans entered the fort with no enemy, thanks to Benedict Arnold's trick.
By 1779, Arnold had been making deals with the British. He did this because he was angry at the American Government for court-marshalling him because they found him guilty of using the army for his own personal reasons. He also went to the British because he wanted more money and he was in debt. The British gave Benedict Arnold a lot of money to become a British spy.
Arnold offered to turn West Point over to the British. West Point was an important American fort, and Arnold was the general there. Benedict Arnold escaped from the Americans, and he was never caught. For the rest of his life, he lived in Canada and England.
http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/barnold.htm
By 1779, Arnold had been making deals with the British. He did this because he was angry at the American Government for court-marshalling him because they found him guilty of using the army for his own personal reasons. He also went to the British because he wanted more money and he was in debt. The British gave Benedict Arnold a lot of money to become a British spy.
Arnold offered to turn West Point over to the British. West Point was an important American fort, and Arnold was the general there. Benedict Arnold escaped from the Americans, and he was never caught. For the rest of his life, he lived in Canada and England.
http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/barnold.htm
John André - Loyalist
John André was born in London in 1750. John André was a major in the British army. He helped Benedict Arnold try to capture George Washington, but it did not work. The Continental Army captured John André and they found plans in his sock. The plans showed that Benedict Arnold was a trator and that they were trying to capture George Washington. John André was hung by the Americans at the age of 31.
http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/jandre.htm
http://library.thinkquest.org/TQ0312848/jandre.htm
Titus Tye
Colonel Tye—A former slave named Titus fought for the British with the Royal
Ethiopian Regiment. Later in New Jersey, he led a number of unofficial soldiers on raids
and assassinations. “Colonel Tye” was never an officer in the British army, but became
widely known, and was greatly feared, by New Jersey patriots.
http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume5/images/reference_sheet.pdf
Ethiopian Regiment. Later in New Jersey, he led a number of unofficial soldiers on raids
and assassinations. “Colonel Tye” was never an officer in the British army, but became
widely known, and was greatly feared, by New Jersey patriots.
http://www.history.org/history/teaching/enewsletter/volume5/images/reference_sheet.pdf